依赖收集
Vue会把普通对象变成响应式对象,响应式对象getter相关的逻辑就是做依赖收集,我们来详细分析这个过程。
我们先来回顾一下getter部分的逻辑:
export function defineReactive (
obj: Object,
key: string,
val: any,
customSetter?: ?Function,
shallow?: boolean
) {
const dep = new Dep()const property = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(obj, key)
if (property && property.configurable === false) {
return
}// cater for pre-defined getter/setters
const getter = property && property.get
const setter = property && property.set
if ((!getter || setter) && arguments.length === 2) {
val = obj[key]
}let childOb = !shallow && observe(val)
Object.defineProperty(obj, key, {
enumerable: true,
configurable: true,
get: function reactiveGetter () {
const value = https://www.it610.com/article/getter ? getter.call(obj) : val
if (Dep.target) {
dep.depend()
if (childOb) {
childOb.dep.depend()
if (Array.isArray(value)) {
dependArray(value)
}
}
}
return value
},
// ...
})
}
const dep = new Dep()实例化一个Dep的实例,另一个是在get函数中通过dep.depend做依赖收集,这里还有个对childOb判断的逻辑。Dep是整个getter依赖收集的核心,它的定义在src/core/observer/dep.js中:import type Watcher from './watcher'
import { remove } from '../util/index'let uid = 0/**
* A dep is an observable that can have multiple
* directives subscribing to it.
*/
export default class Dep {
static target: ?Watcher;
id: number;
subs: Array;
constructor () {
this.id = uid++
this.subs = []
}addSub (sub: Watcher) {
this.subs.push(sub)
}removeSub (sub: Watcher) {
remove(this.subs, sub)
}depend () {
if (Dep.target) {
Dep.target.addDep(this)
}
}notify () {
// stabilize the subscriber list first
const subs = this.subs.slice()
for (let i = 0, l = subs.length;
i < l;
i++) {
subs[i].update()
}
}
}// the current target watcher being evaluated.
// this is globally unique because there could be only one
// watcher being evaluated at any time.
Dep.target = null
const targetStack = []export function pushTarget (_target: ?Watcher) {
if (Dep.target) targetStack.push(Dep.target)
Dep.target = _target
}export function popTarget () {
Dep.target = targetStack.pop()
}
Dep是一个Class,它定义了一些属性和方法,这里需要特别注意的是它有一个静态属性target,这是一个全局唯一Watcher,这是一个非常巧妙的设计,因为在同一时间只能有一个全局的Watcher被计算,另外它的自身属性subs也是Watcher的数组。Dep实际上就是对Watcher的一种管理,Dep脱离Watcher单独存在是没有意义的,为了完整地讲清楚依赖收集过程,我们有必要看一下Watcher的一些相关实现,它的定义在src/core/observer/watcher.js中:let uid = 0/**
* A watcher parses an expression, collects dependencies,
* and fires callback when the expression value changes.
* This is used for both the $watch() api and directives.
*/
export default class Watcher {
vm: Component;
expression: string;
cb: Function;
id: number;
deep: boolean;
user: boolean;
computed: boolean;
sync: boolean;
dirty: boolean;
active: boolean;
dep: Dep;
deps: Array;
newDeps: Array;
depIds: SimpleSet;
newDepIds: SimpleSet;
before: ?Function;
getter: Function;
value: any;
constructor (
vm: Component,
expOrFn: string | Function,
cb: Function,
options?: ?Object,
isRenderWatcher?: boolean
) {
this.vm = vm
if (isRenderWatcher) {
vm._watcher = this
}
vm._watchers.push(this)
// options
if (options) {
this.deep = !!options.deep
this.user = !!options.user
this.computed = !!options.computed
this.sync = !!options.sync
this.before = options.before
} else {
this.deep = this.user = this.computed = this.sync = false
}
this.cb = cb
this.id = ++uid // uid for batching
this.active = true
this.dirty = this.computed // for computed watchers
this.deps = []
this.newDeps = []
this.depIds = new Set()
this.newDepIds = new Set()
this.expression = process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production'
? expOrFn.toString()
: ''
// parse expression for getter
if (typeof expOrFn === 'function') {
this.getter = expOrFn
} else {
this.getter = parsePath(expOrFn)
if (!this.getter) {
this.getter = function () {}
process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' && warn(
`Failed watching path: "${expOrFn}" ` +
'Watcher only accepts simple dot-delimited paths. ' +
'For full control, use a function instead.',
vm
)
}
}
if (this.computed) {
this.value = https://www.it610.com/article/undefined
this.dep = new Dep()
} else {
this.value = this.get()
}
}/**
* Evaluate the getter, and re-collect dependencies.
*/
get () {
pushTarget(this)
let value
const vm = this.vm
try {
value = this.getter.call(vm, vm)
} catch (e) {
if (this.user) {
handleError(e, vm, `getter for watcher"${this.expression}"`)
} else {
throw e
}
} finally {
// "touch" every property so they are all tracked as
// dependencies for deep watching
if (this.deep) {
traverse(value)
}
popTarget()
this.cleanupDeps()
}
return value
}/**
* Add a dependency to this directive.
*/
addDep (dep: Dep) {
const id = dep.id
if (!this.newDepIds.has(id)) {
this.newDepIds.add(id)
this.newDeps.push(dep)
if (!this.depIds.has(id)) {
dep.addSub(this)
}
}
}/**
* Clean up for dependency collection.
*/
cleanupDeps () {
let i = this.deps.length
while (i--) {
const dep = this.deps[i]
if (!this.newDepIds.has(dep.id)) {
dep.removeSub(this)
}
}
let tmp = this.depIds
this.depIds = this.newDepIds
this.newDepIds = tmp
this.newDepIds.clear()
tmp = this.deps
this.deps = this.newDeps
this.newDeps = tmp
this.newDeps.length = 0
}
// ...
}
Watcher是一个Class,在它的构造函数中,定义了一些和Dep相关的属性:this.deps = []
this.newDeps = []
this.depIds = new Set()
this.newDepIds = new Set()
this.deps和this.newDeps表示Watcher实例持有的Dep实例的数组;而this.depIds和this.newDepIds分别代表this.deps和this.newDeps的id Set(它的实现在src/core/util/env.js中)。Watcher还定义了一些原型的方法,和依赖收集相关的有get、addDep和cleanupDeps方法。getter方法,那么这些对象什么时候被访问呢?Vue的mount过程是通过mountComponent函数,其中有一段比较重要的逻辑,大致如下:updateComponent = () => {
vm._update(vm._render(), hydrating)
}
new Watcher(vm, updateComponent, noop, {
before () {
if (vm._isMounted) {
callHook(vm, 'beforeUpdate')
}
}
}, true /* isRenderWatcher */)
watcher的时候,首先进入watcher的构造函数逻辑,然后会执行它的this.get()方法,进入get函数,首先会执行:pushTarget(this)
pushTarget的定义在src/core/observer/dep.js中:export function pushTarget (_target: Watcher) {
if (Dep.target) targetStack.push(Dep.target)
Dep.target = _target
}
Dep.target赋值为当前的渲染watcher并压栈(为了恢复用)。接着又执行了:value = https://www.it610.com/article/this.getter.call(vm, vm)
this.getter对应就是updateComponent函数,这实际上就是在执行:vm._update(vm._render(), hydrating)
vm._render()方法,因为之前分析过这个方法会生成渲染VNode,并且在这个过程中会对vm上的数据访问,这个时候就触发了数据对象的getter。getter都持有一个dep,在触发getter的时候会调用dep.depend()方法,也就会执行 Dep.target.addDep(this)。Dep.target 已经被赋值为渲染watcher,那么就执行到addDep方法:addDep (dep: Dep) {
const id = dep.id
if (!this.newDepIds.has(id)) {
this.newDepIds.add(id)
this.newDeps.push(dep)
if (!this.depIds.has(id)) {
dep.addSub(this)
}
}
}
dep.addSub(this),那么就会执行 this.subs.push(sub),也就是说把当前的 watcher 订阅到这个数据持有的dep的subs中,这个目的是为后续数据变化时候能通知到哪些subs做准备。vm._render() 过程中,会触发所有数据的getter,这样实际上已经完成了一个依赖收集的过程。那么到这里就结束了么,其实并没有,在完成依赖收集后,还有几个逻辑要执行,首先是:if (this.deep) {
traverse(value)
}
value,触发它所有子项的getter。接下来执行:popTarget()
popTarget 的定义在src/core/observer/dep.js中:Dep.target = targetStack.pop()
Dep.target 恢复成上一个状态,因为当前vm的数据依赖收集已经完成,那么对应的渲染Dep.target 也需要改变。最后执行:this.cleanupDeps()
cleanupDeps () {
let i = this.deps.length
while (i--) {
const dep = this.deps[i]
if (!this.newDepIds.has(dep.id)) {
dep.removeSub(this)
}
}
let tmp = this.depIds
this.depIds = this.newDepIds
this.newDepIds = tmp
this.newDepIds.clear()
tmp = this.deps
this.deps = this.newDeps
this.newDeps = tmp
this.newDeps.length = 0
}
Vue是数据驱动的,所以每次数据变化都会重新render,那么vm._render()方法又会再次执行,并再次触发数据的getters,所以Wathcer在构造函数中会初始化2个Dep实例数组,newDeps表示新添加的Dep实例数组,而deps表示上一次添加的Dep实例数组。cleanupDeps函数的时候,会首先遍历deps,移除对dep.subs数组中Wathcer的订阅,然后把newDepIds和depIds交换,newDeps和deps交换,并把newDepIds和newDeps清空。deps订阅的移除呢,在添加deps的订阅过程,已经能通过id去重避免重复订阅了。v-if 去渲染不同子模板a和b,当我们满足某种条件的时候渲染a的时候,会访问到a中的数据,这时候我们对a使用的数据添加了getter,做了依赖收集,那么当我们去修改a的数据的时候,理应通知到这些订阅者。那么如果我们一旦改变了条件渲染了b模板,又会对b使用的数据添加了getter,如果我们没有依赖移除的过程,那么这时候我去修改a模板的数据,会通知a数据的订阅的回调,这显然是有浪费的。Vue设计了在每次添加完新的订阅,会移除掉旧的订阅,这样就保证了在我们刚才的场景中,如果渲染b模板的时候去修改a模板的数据,a数据订阅回调已经被移除了,所以不会有任何浪费。Vue数据的依赖收集过程做了分析。收集依赖的目的是为了当这些响应式数据发生变化,触发它们的setter的时候,能知道应该通知哪些订阅者去做相应的逻辑处理,我们把这个过程叫派发更新,其实Watcher和Dep就是一个非常经典的观察者设计模式的实现。依赖收集
Vue会把普通对象变成响应式对象,响应式对象getter相关的逻辑就是做依赖收集,我们来详细分析这个过程。
我们先来回顾一下getter部分的逻辑:
export function defineReactive (
obj: Object
key: string
val: any
customSetter?:
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